The Intent Behind Alcoholics Anonymous Step 11

The Intent Behind Alcoholics Anonymous Step 11 Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Print The Intent Behind Alcoholics Anonymous Step 11 How do atheists and agnostics view step 11s religious overtones? By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on May 18, 2018 A Look at Step 11. © Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) 12-step program as described in the The Big Book, AAs guide for people recovering from alcoholism, has many references to God and religious themes, and step 11 is no different. In a nutshell, step 11 says to discover the plan God, as you understand him, has for your life and find the power to carry it out. AA states it is non-religious but rather spiritual in design, and as its cornerstone, members should find a higher purpose or higher power. God can be described as a religious being, or for atheists and agnostics, it can simply mean the group dynamic experienced as a member at an AA meeting or even another individual. Review of Step 11 Step 11Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God as we understood Him, praying only for knowledge of His will for us and the power to carry that out. Spiritual Rather Than Religious For many in recovery, whether it is Alcoholics Anonymous or Al-Anon Family Groups, the concept of spirituality can be unfamiliar, lost or rejected. If you seek solace in a bottle or in bars, you may have other problems going such as a broken relationship or crumbling marriage, a criminal history or generally, a life in turmoil. Even for those who have had an upbringing in a  church, you may find that your experience was more religious and prescriptive rather than spiritual. For most who are earnest in working the 12 steps, by the time you arrive at step 11 you may discover a measure of spirituality at work in your life. For many AA members, they say they have discovered their higher power and form a better understanding of that power. Prayer or Meditation for Guidance The approaches and methods of prayer and meditation suggested in step 11 vary, but the purpose of the step is to connect with that higher power. Some prefer to call the higher power God, others avoid the G-word altogether. The point is AA members discover through participation in the program that there is a power greater than themselves, and they have seen that power at work. As members accept the serenity principle that Nothing, absolutely nothing happens in Gods world by mistake there is an acknowledgment of a higher power, and there is a plan for their lives. Through prayer and meditation, members can attempt to raise their consciousness of that power and draw on it to continue their personal journey of recovery. How Does a Person Who Is Atheist or Agnostic Pray? As suggested by the Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, you can pray or meditate by being still, quiet, stopping, reflecting and listening to your thoughts. You can plan your day in an orderly way. Ask yourself, God, or a higher power for the right answers to get you through the day. In moments of confusion or unbalance, stop, ask yourself or the higher power for the right way to proceed. Understand it, visualize it, go on. For many this is self-reflection, for others, this is asking God for guidance. The end result usually turns out the same.

Reports on Competition in the Australian Communication Industry

Abstract In an effort to increase revenue communication firms have rapidly expanded as they seek to provide more services in a saturated and highly competitive market (Asoka 1997, 102-104) This proposal seeks to give an in depth examination on the aspect of competition among the major players in the communication industry a case study of the Australian communication industry (Asoka 1997). Optus communication Pty limited; rated as the second largest telecommunication company in Australia formerly known as Aussat Pty Limited before its privatization, is the company under scrutiny as an attempt to critically analyze how it’s being affected by competition in the communication industry is made  (statistics, 1979). The business topic: competition in the communication industry is first clearly defined and analyzed, and then using data resources information on this topic is gathered, findings discovered and recommendations put forth in an attempt to find a lasting solution to the problem of competition faced by Optus in the communication industry (Hans-Werner 2003). Telstra Corporation limited, the largest and most dominant telecommunication company is the greatest competitor of Optus in the communication industry  (Hans-Werner, 2003). Its mere aspect of being the largest mobile telephone service provider in Australia, both in subscription and coverage poses a great problem to its rivals in the communication industry (James, 2008). This problem is analyzed by the clear and consistence application of a theoretical framework to help understand the competition in the industry and therein find a solid solution to the Optus competition problem (Jay 2000). It is clear that this is a problem because of the financial dents evident in the profits accrued by Optus. The problem is unfair competition and has been caused by financial muscles by Telstra (Joseph 1997). Problem statement Competition Telstra as a player in the communication industry in Australia has a lot of arsenal in its amour to ensure it remains afloat in the competition (Michael 2008). Formerly a government owned parastatal, Telstra has a huge financial muscle to manipulate the prices within the industry almost single handedly. The financial muscle enables Telstra to enjoy the large economies of scale within the industry galvanizing itself of competition (Mireille 2004). This, to a large extent makes Telstra a monopoly pushing the other players within the industry into financial oblivion. It uses unethical practices to compete against the other players in the industry such as going against the ACCC rules, a practice that has seen the company successfully sued in court severally (Joseph 1997). In view of the above, Optus as a player in the industry finds itself in an awkward position to compete fairly. Optus came into the market sometime after Telstra’s privatization, at this point; Telstra had already established an en masse clientele base with a good capital thus claiming monopoly (Jay 2000). Formerly a government parastatal, Telstra enjoys huge government support in most of the policies enacted to shape the communication industry; this again leaves Optus an orphan which has to face experienced and rich players (James 2008). With the little capital base, as compared to Telstra, Optus is susceptible to manipulation by Telstra’s flexing of its financial powers. It is left to adhere to the rates put by Telstra in order to survive (Milena 2008).   On the other hand, Telstra is keen to ensure that the prices it fixes fall below the steady point/equilibrium point of Optus but above its steady point due to the huge financial base they have  (Scott, 2000). As would be expected, due to disparity in capital base of the two firms, their equilibrium states vary from each (Massimo 2004). This puts Telstra at an advantageous level to reduce the prices (calling rates), in a manner to manipulate the other players in the industry implying a cut throat competition designed to eliminate others players from the industry (Mireille 2004). Literature review Michael. E Porter in his book competition views unfair competition as unhealthy in an industry  (Michael, 2008). He uses the model to analyze the competition in an industry which he terms the porter five models. This also adds on the problem of low standards, Optus offers low standard services due to the low capital and the large and very expectant market considering the kind of services they receive from Telstra (Mireille 2004). The successful business plan: secrets strategies Page 103 â€Å"But in business it is imperative to see whos gaining on you. It is far better to know what youre up against than to be surprised when your sales suddenly disappear to an unexpected competitor.† (Robert, 2009). This, in the situation of Optus, applies in the sense that Optus should be able to know the kind of competition they are up against as Telstra is a well established fir in the industry  (Michael, 2008). They should therefore identify market gaps not filled by Telstra and exploit these areas to ensure a substantive number of clientele  (Joseph, 1997). As such, Optus will have an opportunity to offer unique services or maybe improve on the services poorly offered by Telstra e.g. the messaging and phone internet services. â€Å"Others simply argued less regulation would serve to promote local competition  (Ashoka, M, 1997). A little more than half the respondent said cable company entry into the telecommunications business would benefit their companies, with nearly 40%.† (Network World 1993 64-72) In the Optus case, they may consider having improved infrastructure to ensure faster services and investing in this network infrastructure to avoid paying for the network leased to it by Telstra (Network World 1993). In the analysis of various competitions in the telecommunication industry, the case of Telstra and Optus doesn’t stand out as unique since as the mobile telephony industry was in offing, few people could afford the needed capital base to erect the needed infrastructure and thus the government came in to provide the necessary resources and later privatized the various companies as was done in Australia (Network World 1993). Situation analysis Optus, using the gap model above, has a gap between the company and their clients to fill (Massimo 2004). If the company is to auger with the market, it ought to deliver services similar to or even better than the service standards being witnessed in the country or being offered by Telstra. PORTER FIVE FORCES MODEL Considering the porters Five Forces of Competition model, Optus is threatened by the new entrants into the industry since they will lose more clients to them and this will also raise the stakes as the new firm in its bid to acquire market may opt to lower prices (Michael 2008). There is also a threat of substitute products provided by landline providers who also give similar products as the mobile providers e.g. optus. The bargaining power of suppliers is to charge as high prices as possible while that of buyers is to charge as low prices as possible, this should meet at a poin(Michael 2008). The above factors are influenced by the players in the industry with the competing firms. FISH BONE MODEL In the fish bone above, competition leads to staff retrenchment, need for promotion, reduced interfirm cooperation, reduced clients and the offloading of clients to other firms and among others high advertisement costs  (Milena, 2008). Using the SWOT analysis to analyze the situation, Optus pales in comparison Strength Optus’ strength includes the need for an alternative player in the industry or the market being bored with Telstra. Most people though love the low prices being charged by Telstra, would wish to have an alternative option in the industry  (statistics, 1979). Optus could take this as an advantage and provide the needed alternative. Weakness The weakness that Optus faces in the industry in Australia is the fact that it is not well established but is facing Telstra which has already established in the industry with huge financial muscles on its side  (statistics, 1979). Opportunity The opportunity is to assess the market gap left out by Telstra and exploit this to its advantage. Threat The threat that glares at Optus is the need to meet the expectations of, in terms of price and quality of services in comparison to what is currently offered by Telstra  (statistics, 1979). The market is of 45 million mobile users with a steady growth rate, a high cost of network infrastructure and long and expensive distribution channels (Jacob 2008). In customer, company and competitor analysis, Optus is faced with a huge competition from Telstra coming some years after the establishment of Telstra, the company was inducted into the market to check on the competition by Telstra and as such it’s facing clients’ share with Telstra (Milena 2008). This impacts negatively on both companies but majorly on Optus since it’s lagging behind in network coverage considering its infancy in the market  (statistics, 1979). Data resources Here we use data mostly from the stock exchange of Australia and from the company’s websites, including details involving price charged for calling among others. The economic indications show that Optus is has ability to do well in the industry considering the kind of financial giants on its back (James 2008). These include the UK telecommunications, US Telecommunications Company, the insurance and investment company National Mutual and AIDC. The share price is also not doing badly though there is a slight decline but it is being received well by the market. Findings This proposal is meant to analyze the consequences accruing to Optus due to the competition with Telstra and to recommend possible solutions to make it more competitive in the market  (statistics, 1979). It was found that in the provision of its services Optus was employing the services of other service providers, most notably Telstra which happens to be one of its biggest competitors in the industry (Michael 2008). This to a greater extend limits Optus independence in the industry which is an essential ingredient in a competitive telecommunication industry as such  (Scott, 2000). This concept of .relying on other service providers in the industry for network infrastructure has crippled Optus ability to claim its rightful position in the industry since Telstra charges them unfairly consequently increasing their expenditure cost which   has adverse effects on their investment on customer service (Mireille 2004). Telstra’s high financial capability permits them to fund massive advertisement campaigns which cannot be sustained by the infant Optus. As result Telstra gets the upper hand in terms of consumers of their services (Mireille 2004). Optus on the other hand finds itself in a destabilized position in the industry unable to counter the massive advertising from rival Telstra due to its mean financial base (Joseph 1997). With no advertising, to increase sell of services to consumers Optus end up making very low profits that further weaken their stability in the industry. Conceptual tool(s) On the matter of service provision to consumers, Optus too is at a disadvantaged state as its rival who rolled into the industry earlier and established itself is better placed to provide user friendly and economic efficient services to its subscribers, something Optus struggles to do with a lot of pinch on its already constrained budget (Jay 2000). As a result, they lose their grip on the market which is more attracted to the more lucrative services offered by its competitor Telstra. Using the porter’s five model of competition, Optus thus fails to meet the bargaining power of the buyers as opposed to their competitors who definitely get an overhand in terms of buyers bargaining power  (Jay, 2000). SWOT as an analysis model, helps us identify how the company is being affected by the situation it currently is in and as such is an appropriate way to find out the problem a company is undergoing and also recommend possible solutions to the same (Hans-Werner 2003). Recommendations To cut down on avoidable costs, it is recommended that Optus Company makes an effort to own a large percentage of the network infrastructure it uses in provision of its services  (Hans-Werner, 2003). This will to a great extent assist Optus budget as fees charged by other service providers in the use of their infrastructure will be avoided and invested in other sectors such as advertisement and upgrading of services provided to subscribers  (Hans-Werner, 2003). Though costly in its initial stage of implementation, its great rewards to the company’s budget cannot be overestimated. It surely is worth the cost and all needs to be done to implement it (Asoka 1997). Optus need to apply a more critical approach on the issue of advertising to avoid a phenomenon where advertising contributes to losses as opposed to profits, since the cost incurred in advertising does not match the rate of service consumption and consequently the profits made from them; which ought to compensate expenditure directed to advertising fail to do so (Milena, 2008). The company hence has to opt for much cheaper advertising options that are still effective in reaching the masses and try as much as they can to avoid expensive mediums of advertisement until they are very well positioned to economically fund adverts like   their counterparts’ in the industry  (Robert, 2009). Optus could also identify market gaps left by Telstra in the industry e.g. provision of fast internet (Mireille 2004). Creativity and innovation is very critical in the telecommunication industry and Optus has an obligation to encourage innovation and creativity on the part of its staff as well as support and implement proposals that are geared to improvement of services in the telecommunication industry (Asoka 1997). This will aid the company also come up with great services that will attempt to counter the lucrative services of rival companies in the industry and consequently meet the buyers bargaining power according to â€Å"the porter’s five model of competition†Ã‚  (Michael, 2008) References Ashoka, M. 1997. Infrastructure strategies in Asia: the untold strory, Worlg Bank Publications, London. Hans-Werner, S. 2003. The new systems competitio, Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken. Jacob, W. 2008. The finances: panics and specie-payments, J. Campbell sons, Chicago. James, W. 2008. Competition: The Birth of a New Science, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York. Massimo, M. 2004. Competition policy: theory and practic, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Michael, E. 2008. On competition, Harvard Business Press, Boston. Milena, S. 2008. Competition problems in liberalized telecommunications: regulatory solutions to promote effective competitio, Kluwer Law International, Alphen aan den Rijn.

Lesothosaurus - Facts and Figures

Name: Lesothosaurus (Greek for Lesotho lizard); pronounced leh-SO-tho-SORE-us Habitat: Plains and woodlands of Africa Historical Period: Early Jurassic (200-190 million years ago) Size and Weight: About six feet long and 10-20 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; large eyes; bipedal posture; inability to chew About Lesothosaurus Lesothosaurus dates from a murky time in geologic history--the early Jurassic period--when the first dinosaurs had just split into the two main dinosaur groups, saurischian (lizard-hipped) and ornithischian (bird-hipped) dinosaurs. Some paleontologists insist that the small, bipedal, plant-eating Lesothosaurus was a very early ornithopod dinosaur (which would place it firmly in the ornithischian camp), while others maintain that it predated this important split; yet a third camp proposes that Lesothaurus was a basal thyreophoran, the family of armored dinosaurs that includes stegosaurs and ankylosaurs. One thing we do know about Lesothosaurus is that it was a confirmed vegetarian; this dinosaurs narrow snout had a beak-like appearance on the end, equipped with about a dozen sharp teeth in front and many more leaf-like, grinding teeth in the back. Like all early dinosaurs, Lesothosaurus was unable to chew its food, and its long hind legs indicate that it was very fast, especially when being pursued by larger predators. However it winds up being classified, Lesothosaurus isnt the only ancestral dinosaur of the early Jurassic period that has continued to puzzle paleontologists. Lesothosaurus may or may not have been the same creature as Fabrosaurus (the remains of which were discovered much earlier, thus giving the name Fabrosaurus precedence if the two genera wind up being merged, or synonymized), and it may also have been ancestral to the equally obscure Xiaosaurus, yet another tiny, basal ornithopod native to Asia.

Analysis of Philip Larkin’s Modesty Free Essays

Do not over-brooder things – Are too shy. Thoughts that shuffle round Like pence Through each reign, Wear down to their simplest sense Yet remain. Weeds are not supposed to grow But by degrees Some achieve a flower, although No one sees. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Philip Larkin’s Modesty or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is apparently a humble poem. The content and the form are both about the same thing regarding simplicity or, as the title denotes, modesty. It does not express very complex ideas even though they can be considered as important ones. The lines vary in length giving the poem a bounce, like some kind of internal discussion where the speaker argues with himself drawing a rhythm or pattern that, even inorganic in principle, with assonance rhyming and more or less fixed number of syllables, it is constructed in a way that finally matches the static tone of a modest prayer, where the speaker emphasizes the main ideas providing them as some kind of chorus. The poem partially exposes the manifesto of this generation of poets, with their rejection o romanticism or excess in general in poetry, trying to achieve a more real and closer poetry not full of symbolism conveyed by obscure words and expressions and intricate emotions. In this way, the poem in the first stanza states how these plain or more simple words and ideas are truer, they ‘do not lie’, they ‘are too shy to do so, and, therefore, in this sense more genuine maybe, not covered with the mud of complexity, speaking openly the mind of the poet. The second stanza expands this concept of truth. No matter how far you shuffle your own thoughts or for how long, earning them away, wearing them down’, eventually they ‘remain’, In your mind, or, even better, they are purified by getting to a level of ultimate simplicity. The final stanza uses the metaphor of weeds becoming flowers, something quite Improbable In principle, but that linked to the process described In the previous stanza gets to convey an Idea of change In quality. Stoically, modesty ‘by degree’ turns Into beauty, and here we face the aesthetic level of truth. A final state that can be witnessed, but Just as a result, not as a process. No-one sees how the flower becomes a flower, yet It Is there. Analysis of Philip Larrikin Modesty By lexical Thoughts that shuffle round like pence wearing them away, Wearing them down’, eventually they ‘remain’, in your mind, or, stanza uses the metaphor of weeds becoming flowers, something quite improbable in principle, but that linked to the process described in the previous stanza gets to convey an idea of change in quality. Simplicity, modesty ‘by degree’ turns into beauty, just as a result, not as a process. No-one sees how the flower becomes a flower, yet it is there. How to cite Analysis of Philip Larkin’s Modesty, Papers

Greensleeve Analysis free essay sample

The form of the piece also allows for the musician to add their own Improvisation, and for the performance I saw, Anna would constantly strum wrought all the strings scale in a descending and ascending manner in order to portray the dynamics and pure elegance of the harp. Therefore, Greensville is a prominent and classic composition for its historic eminence, its simple, yet influential form, and most Importantly, Its soothing, captivating, and Iconic rhythm.Many musical pieces we listen to today follow a repetitive verse and chorus form, which is actually the main form that is used in the piece Greensville. Coming from the Renaissance period, where singing was prominent and instrumentation was barely soused on, using this simple and memorable progression Is actually common for many pieces during this time. More specifically, the piece Is played In romances form, which is a form most popular during the Early Baroque Period and revolves around four chords serving as the repeating bass supporting a main melody. We will write a custom essay sample on Greensleeve Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, Greensville Is also provided with emotional lyrics about the unrequited love Henry the VIII had for Anne Blenny after she rejected him, which helps portray the message and essence of the composition at a more engaging perspective. The piece is introduced with the first verse of the piece and we start to understand the form as the supporting chords are played with the left hand and the plucking of the melody Is played with the right hand The chords and melody are played in an adagio tempo and are antiphonal to each other as the chords play first following by the melody.These musical elements demonstrates the sorrow mood of the piece as Henry expresses his feelings after being left discourteously by the love of his life. The chorus Is then played with the chords and melody working more cohesively and sounding more uplifting as they change key in order to show that the love Henry has for his joy, delight, and heart of gold remains true and positive (0:43-1:15). The second v erse then changes dramatically as the chords transition to a high, minor key and are played In fast, separate notes rather than Just as a strum. At this point, the drama and dynamics of the harp shows how Henry Is 1 OFF Anne. The chorus is repeated (1:52-2:26) as the key goes back to major and tempo back to adagio, further maintaining the recurring somber theme of the piece. The hired verse goes back to original key and tempo as the first verse, bringing down the drama of the piece in order to show Henry hopelessly and mournfully praying to Sod for the love of Anne. (2:27-3:03).

Rescission of a contract in the law of contracts

Introduction The answer is yes, Big Banks President can rescind the contract under the following special circumstances. In the law of contracts, when a contract is rescinded, it means that the two parties to the contract have been relieved of their obligation in relation to the initial contract entered in the initial agreement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rescission of a contract in the law of contracts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mutual rescission In some cases, in the law of contracts, the two parties may be discharged from their obligations in an agreement to carry out a consideration either in terms of money or otherwise if before its performance, the two parties mutually agree to follow a new agreement after the completion of an initial agreement through mutual assent. In this case, both parties involved are relieved of their contractual obligations. This is possible even if the contract has express or implied instruction suggesting on the contrary. In this case, there are facts that must be alleged and proved beyond any reasonable doubt, whether the contract is oral or written. Form of the contract The form of the contract can either be written or oral, provided that the circumstances of the contract can be proved; the actions of the parties to the contract will not matter as they can be express or implied. The law of contracts on rescission prevails; regardless of the form of the contract provided, there is consideration and supporting circumstances as evidence. Assent All the parties to the contract must agree on the action to be taken through mutual agreement. This can only be evident when there is a meeting of the both parties. In some cases, one of the parties may repudiate the contract, and the second party impliedly takes the repudiation as a counter offer leading to a rescission of the contract. It should, however, be noted that this must be clearly expressed. Conside ration An agreement between the parties to rescind the contract must be supported by sufficient consideration in terms of an inducement with money or otherwise. Unless one of the parties to the contract carries out his/her part of the agreement, he or she must be adequately compensated without any favors. Operation and effect In the event that there is rescission of the contract, none of the parties will benefit from the deal and gain more than what he/she has invested in carrying out the contract. None of the parties should gain more from the contract in order not to get a higher financial position than what one originally had, prior to the contract.Advertising Looking for essay on business corporate law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Intention of the parties to the contract.  Aim The direction of the contract will always be determined by the aim of entry in the contract by the parties to the contract. In the event that the aim of the contract has been accomplished by the parties, the contract may be made on the grounds of completion of the main objective of the contract. If Big Bank decides to take legal action against rescission of the contract, it will be very hard for Big Bank to convince the judge on its favor. This is because there is express immunity of System INC against contractual obligation. This is seen in the phrase (f) that excludes System INC from any contractual obligation in case of system omission by system INC. For example, â€Å"in no event will systems inc. Be responsible for special, reliance, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of any act or omission by systems inc. In connection with this agreement, even if systems INC.† This may complicate the ability of Big Bank to get legal redress in terms of receipt of damages. Conclusion There are 3 types of contract performance. One of them is a complete performance where both the parties completely carry out their contractual obligation. The advantage is that both the parties benefit from that as intended. Secondly, the substantial performance is where most of the work or payment is done by one of the party to the contract. In this case, the remedy is always the compensation based on the quantity of consideration. This essay on Rescission of a contract in the law of contracts was written and submitted by user Kiara Prince to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Program Observation Reports Essays

Program Observation Reports Essays Program Observation Reports Essay Program Observation Reports Essay Program Observation Reports Name: Course: Lecturer: Institution: Date: Program Observation Reports Part One Observation One In the first observation, the program is called the lower back injuries. The site used for the first observations is Monterey Sports Center. The location of the site is at 301 E Franklin ST., Monterey 93940. The department where the observations are done is the physiotherapy department. The person whom the observation was done with is Gretta Williams-Lijbers. The contact address is (831)646-3700.Observation Two In the second observation, the program to be observed is called arthritis aquatics. The site where the program is offered is Simpkins Swim Center. The location of the site is at 979 17th Ave. Santa Cruz 95062. The contact person used for the observation is Lynn. The number used by Lynn as the contact number is (831)454-7946. Part Two Observation One Diagnosis: Lower Back Pains Prescription: Physical Exercises at the Gym supervised by a qualified therapists. Lower back pains are extremely common to many people all over the world. Therefore, based on the observations made, the program offers extensive physical therapy for the whole body but they concentrate more on the lower back body. This is mainly for the purposes of even bodily exercise for the body and at the same time treating the lower back injuries. During the first week of the program, the patients start with those physical exercises that are not strenuous. This ensures that, the muscles are not destroyed due to rapid expansion of the muscles. However, as the exercises progresses, the patient is introduced to exercises that are more strenuous. The first exercise includes the stretching of the lower back and whole body in general. In this case, the participants were advised to wear comfortable clothing. This is to reduce hindrances when performing the stretching exercises. Additionally, it ensures that the muscles’ soft tissues or the ligaments are not affected when a person is stretching. Secondly, participants were advised to perform the stretching exercises that are not painful. There are certain positions a person might take that would cause a lot of pain in the body instead of stretching the muscles. In this situation, the muscles might be injured causing more harm than good. When performing this exercise, it was observed that stretching should be done on a clean, dry, flat surface large enough to move freely. This eliminates unlikely mishaps that end up causing injury to the people. Moreover, it ensured that participants had enough room to perform all the stretching exercises needed. These stretching exercises included knee to chest stretch. In this case, a participant was to lay on the surface on his or her back. Fold their legs to form a position where the knees point upwards. The participant was the told to pull one of the knees towards the chest with his or her hands and hold for twenty to thirty seconds at the point him or her feels comfortable. After conclusion of stretching in the second week, the exercise that was observed was the low-impact aerobics exercise. In this case, the participants were provided with stationary bicycles where they would cycle for a period. In most case, they were cycling for forty-five minutes. The exercise ensures that there is flow of blood to the lower back of the body. Additionally, the exercise ensures that other important nutrients are also transported to the lower backside of the body. On the other hand, this exercise also helps the other parts of the body like the limbs. This is because they two increase the blood and nutrients flow. The other exercise that was observed is the hamstring stretch in the third week. In this case, the participants were expected to stand and bend down slowly while their legs were straight. Their hands were expected to touch the tip of their feet. The participants were expected to hold when they reached a comfortable place for twenty to thirty seconds. It was observed that the patients repeated the exercise ten times. As explained, this was meant to lengthen the muscles to reduce stress in the lower back pain. Finally, when the participants were shifting from one exercise to another, they were observed to jog on the spot. This was for the purposes of ensuring that there are no tissue or muscle injuries caused by the sudden stopping of the exercises. These exercises were done for more than two months interchangeably. After that, the participants stopped complaining about the back pain injuries showing that the exercises bore fruits. Observation Two Diagnosis: Arthritis Prescription: Aquatic exercises supervised by a qualified therapist Arthritis involves constant pains in the joints. The joints might become swollen while they are aching. Recently, Aquatic therapy has gained popularity in healing patients with arthritis. The observations are for seven weeks. According to the observations made in the program, participants were expected to have a qualified physician in place to supervise the exercise. According to the physician orders, the water in the pool was heated to a certain level of heat. This is to ensure that the participants do not burn while they are in the water. The participants entered the pool so that they can begin the exercise. It was noted that at every beginning of the session the participants were directly to enter into the water fully. No part of the body was to remain out side the water. This was done for twenty to thirty seconds. After that, the patients were expected to walk from one end to another while they were inside the pool. This would continue for twenty minutes as the participants take breaks while still in the water. It should be noted that this exercise was done on the shallow end of the pool. The next exercise was done on the deep end of the water where the patients were expected to stay in the middle of the pool without support for about five minutes and then rest. The exercise was repeated for about five times before the class was over. It was also observed that those participants who new how to swim were the only ones who were allowed to go to the deep end of the pool. Additionally, those who knew how to swim were encouraged to swim after the lesson. This exercise was done for more than two months. Part Three Observation One According to the guideline presented, the class was almost exact. This is because it maintained the level of professionalism and they offered the participants what was in the guideline. For instance, a clear example indicating step-by-step exercises to the back patient is given out. When one is in the program, the exercises are supervised according to what is written in the brochure .In addition, the resources used for the exercises are similar to what is written in the guideline. Therefore, money spend by the participants is worth any penny. In this case, any body who wants to try out the swimming exercises is worth doing it at the gym rather than doing it at home. The main strengths of the class were the professional physicians who were available for the class. They portrayed an amount of professionalism and they were able to offer patients the best physical exercises. Additionally, the rooms and equipments used for the exercise were excellent. The only problem was that the amount of time offered for the class session was too short. The simple back exercises were expected in the observation but the bicycle exercises were not expected. The only recommendation after the observation would be addition of time during the sessions. Observation Two In this observation, the sessions did not fully meet the guidelines presented in the beginning. This is because they did not offer many aquatic exercises as stated in the guidelines. For instance, the guideline was written that there would be physical exercises in form of games. However, after observation there were no physical exercises in form of games. The money spend by the participants is not worth. The strengths of the program were the equipments used for the exercise. The pool was large enough and it had heating equipment. The turn of the participants was the most surprising thing in the observation. The only thing that is worth the participants money is the resources used in the gym. The only recommendation was to increase the number of exercises for the participants. Part Four Observation One I learned a lot from the observation because I did not know that all the exercises are interrelated. For instance, the low aerobics is for the whole body and most people use it for slimming purposes. In addition, aerobics enable the body to relax and it becomes easier to breathe. I was shocked to learn that it is also useful for the lower back injuries. I was shocked to learn that there is a specified timetable for every exercise during the four weeks. For example, in the first week, participants were expected to perform stretching exercises to open there muscles. This ensures that they are not injured while they are performing the strenuous exercises. I would recommend this site for the students because it is educative. Therefore, this assignment was extremely valuable. Observation Two I did not learn as much as I expected. The exercises were like a common basic swimming lesson. This is because the exercises that were being offered are similar to the swimming lessons I took when I was learning how to swim. To make this experience more valuable the physician should consider adding more exiting exercises. I would not recommend any students to perform the exercises under the prevalent conditions. This assignment was not that valuable. The only way to make it more valuable is by increasing more exercises in the program for the participants. After that, I can recommend students to the site.